In the 1980s, photographs of the Moon's South Pole, similar to the photo above (which is a photo of the waxing crescent Moon), were taken using the rather unique 10-inch Siderostat-type Refractor Telescope, in the third floor astronomical "People's Observatory" of the original Buhl Planetarium and Institute of Popular Science (a.k.a. Buhl Science Center - Pittsburgh's science and technology museum from 1939 to 1991), by American Lunar Society Founder Francis G. Graham, as part of a national research project to better map the area near the Moon's South Pole. Yesterday, India launched an unmanned rover probe to explore the Moon's South Pole.
(Image Source: Friends of the Zeiss)
By Glenn A. Walsh
Reporting for SpaceWatchtower
Yesterday (Monday, 2019 July 22), India
launched a space probe and rover bound for the South Pole area of
Earth's Moon. The launch, which had been delayed since July 15 due to
technical problems, came just a couple days after the 50th
anniversary of the first humans, American astronauts Neil Armstrong
and Buzz Aldrin, to set-foot on the Moon.
If this mission is successful, India
will become the fourth Earth nation to soft-land a probe on the Moon.
Up until now, only the United States, Russia, and China have
successfully soft-landed probes on the Moon. On January 3, China
became the first nation to soft-land a probe on the far side of the
Moon, the Chang'e 4 Lander and Rover.
On April 11, the Beresheet Lunar
Lander, developed by Israel's private SpaceIL organization and
launched from Cape Canaveral by SpaceX, attempted a soft-landing on
the Moon. However, the robotic probe crashed on the lunar surface due
to a main engine failure in the final descent.
The Indian Space Research Organization
(ISRO) named the new space probe Chandrayaan-2, which translates from
Sanskrit to mean “Moon vehicle.” The probe was launched from the
Satish Dhawan Space Center at Sriharikota in Andhra Pradesh state on
July 22 at 2:43 p.m. local time / 5:13 a.m. Eastern Daylight Saving
Time (EDT) / 9:13 Coordinated Universal Time (UTC).
The first Indian probe sent to the
Moon, Chandrayaan-1, was a lunar orbiter and impacter which was
launched on 2008 October 22. It entered lunar orbit on 2008 November
8 and operated until August of 2009. In a controlled manner, the
Chandrayaan-1 Moon Impact Probe separated from the orbiter and struck
near the Shackleton Crater, near the South Pole, on 2008 November 14.
The probe strike ejected sub-surface soil, which was analyzed to
determine if water-ice was present. After evaluating the data from
the impact probe, Indian scientists confirmed that water existed in
the lunar soil near the South Pole.
Weighing 3.8 tons, Chandrayaan-2
consists of an orbiter, lander, and rover and carries 13 payloads. It
will travel for 2 months before settling into a circular orbit 62
miles / 100 kilometers above the lunar surface around September 7.
The space probe's lander, named Vikram
(for Indian space pioneer Vikram Sarabhai), will then land near the
South Pole. Vikram will confirm the technology to soft-land on the
lunar surface.
A robotic rover named Pragyan (meaning
“wisdom”), after separating from the lander, will travel near the
South Pole area for 14 days (the amount of time sunlight will be
available). Vikram and Pragyan will collect mineral and chemical
samples from the lunar surface, sending the data back to India.
The primary goal of the mission is to study the water-ice and determine the amount of water available near the South Pole. This will be important for future human expeditions to the Moon, perhaps as soon as the proposed NASA return to the Moon by 2024. Water from craters near the South Pole, which do not receive any sunlight to melt the ice, can be used by astronauts for drinking water, to create oxygen to breathe, and to create rocket fuel.
The primary goal of the mission is to study the water-ice and determine the amount of water available near the South Pole. This will be important for future human expeditions to the Moon, perhaps as soon as the proposed NASA return to the Moon by 2024. Water from craters near the South Pole, which do not receive any sunlight to melt the ice, can be used by astronauts for drinking water, to create oxygen to breathe, and to create rocket fuel.
The orbiter will map the surface of the
Moon and evaluate what can be found of an outer atmosphere of the
Moon.
India plans to launch a Chandrayaan-3
mission to the Moon in the 2023-2024 period. In 2014, India became
the first Asian nation to put a probe (Mangalyaan) into orbit around
the planet Mars. ISRO is also considering putting a probe in orbit of
the planet Venus by 2023.
ISRO hopes to send Indian astronauts
into Earth orbit by 2022. The Indian space agency also plans on launching their own
space station into Earth orbit by 2030.
Even up until the 1980s, the South Pole
was one area of the Moon that was not well mapped. As part of a
national research project in the 1980s to better map the Moon's South
Pole area, photographs of the Moon were taken by American Lunar
Society Founder Francis G. Graham using the rather
unique 10-inch Siderostat-type Refractor Telescope, in the third
floor astronomical observatory of the original Buhl Planetarium and
Institute of Popular Science (a.k.a. Buhl Science Center -
Pittsburgh's science and technology museum from 1939 to 1991).
Although
Buhl Planetarium's “People's Observatory” was primarily used as a
public observatory to educate the general public, particularly
students, from time-to-time the City of Pittsburgh-owned telescope
was used for scientific research.
At the time,
Francis G. Graham was a Buhl Planetarium and Observatory Lecturer.
Today, he is Professor Emeritus of Physics at Kent State University.
Internet Links to Additional Information ---
Link 1 >>> http://www.planetary.org/explore/space-topics/space-missions/chandrayaan-2.html
Link 2 >>> https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=CHANDRYN2
Link 3 >>> https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chandrayaan-2
Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO):
Link 1 >>> https://www.isro.gov.in/
Link 2 >>> https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isro
Buhl Planetarium's “People's Observatory” & 10-inch Siderostat-type Refractor Telescope:
Link >>> http://spacewatchtower.blogspot.com/2016/11/75th-anniversary-americas-5th-public.html
Related Blog Posts --
"American Lunar Society Founder on 50th Anniversary: 1st Humans Walk on Moon !, KOKH’S QUESTION: After 50 Years, Why No Lunar Settlements ?"
2019 July 16.
Link >>> http://spacewatchtower.blogspot.com/2019/07/american-lunar-society-founder-on-50th.html
"American Lunar Society Founder on 50th Anniversary: 1st Humans Orbit Moon, The Incredible Legacy of Apollo 8." 2018 December 24.
Link >>> http://spacewatchtower.blogspot.com/2018/12/50th-anniversary-incredible-legacy-of.html
Source: Glenn A. Walsh Reporting for SpaceWatchtower, a project of Friends of the Zeiss.
Tuesday, 2019 July 23.
Like This Post? Please Share!
More Astronomy & Science News - SpaceWatchtower Twitter Feed:
Link >>> https://twitter.com/spacewatchtower
Astronomy & Science Links: Link >>> http://buhlplanetarium.tripod.com/#sciencelinks
Want to receive SpaceWatchtower blog posts in your in-box ?
Send request to < spacewatchtower@planetarium.cc >.
gaw
Glenn A. Walsh, Informal Science Educator & Communicator:
< http://buhlplanetarium2.tripod.com/weblog/spacewatchtower/gaw/ >
Electronic Mail: < gawalsh@planetarium.cc >
Project Director, Friends of the Zeiss: < http://buhlplanetarium.tripod.com/fotz/ >
SpaceWatchtower Editor / Author: < http://spacewatchtower.blogspot.com/ >
Formerly Astronomical Observatory Coordinator & Planetarium Lecturer, original Buhl Planetarium & Institute of Popular Science (a.k.a. Buhl Science Center), Pittsburgh's science & technology museum from 1939 to 1991.
Formerly Trustee, Andrew Carnegie Free Library and Music Hall, Pittsburgh suburb of Carnegie, Pennsylvania.
Author of History Web Sites on the Internet --
* Buhl Planetarium, Pittsburgh:
< http://www.planetarium.
* Adler Planetarium, Chicago:
< http://adlerplanetarium.
* Astronomer, Educator, Optician John A. Brashear:
< http://johnbrashear.tripod.com >
* Andrew Carnegie & Carnegie Libraries:
< http://www.andrewcarnegie.
Given a good coverage and in the language which is easily understood by ordinary persons.
ReplyDeleteI really happy found this website eventually. Really informative and inoperative, Thanks for the post and effort! Please keep sharing more such blog.
ReplyDeletenorton.com/setup
norton.com/setup
mcafee.com/activate
kaspersky activation code
free pogo games
roadrunner email
aol mail
Thank you so much for spending time to write this blog article, i must say you are a excellent and talented blogger, I Found This Article To Be Very Informative and Helpful, please keep sharing such amazing blogs I am a Accountant from United States of America, Washington Dc, and I Love to read and Write Blog.
ReplyDeleteSome Of My Web Blogs Awesome Blog Post Please Feel Free to Check Out My Blog you will find the process of Norton software installation with step by step instructions and much more.
Keep Sharing will come back to read more,
Click to Process
norton.com/setup
norton.com/setup download and install
norton.com/setup enter product key
www.norton.com/setup
login.norton.com
my.norton.com
norton.com/setup activate
norton.com/setup install
norton.com/setup help
norton.com/setup renewals
norton.com/enroll product key
He is no scam,i tested him and he delivered a good job,he helped me settle bank loans,he also helped my son upgrade his scores at high school final year which made him graduate successfully and he gave my son free scholarship into the college,all i had to do was to settle the bills for the tools on the job,i used $500 to get a job of over $50000 done all thanks to Walt,he saved me from all my troubles,sharing this is how i can show gratitude in return for all he has done for me and my family
ReplyDeleteGmail; Brillianthackers800@gmail.com
Whatsapp number; +1(224)2140835
شركة نقل عفش بخميس مشيط
ReplyDeleteشركة نقل اثاث بابها
شركة نقل عفش بنجران
ِشركة نقل عفش بحائل
شركة نقل عفش بالقصيم
شركة نقل عفش بالباحة
شركة نقل عفش بينبع
دينا نقل عفش بابها
Allegiant Airlines Reservations A good Blog gives a lot more knowledge about this. I will continue to support your work Thank you.
ReplyDeleteDelta Airlines Reservations Thanks for sharing such a nice Blog. I really appreciate that please keep on posting more Blog like this Thank you.
ReplyDeleteJetBlue airlines reservations Thanks for sharing such a nice Blog. I really appreciate that please keep on posting more Blog like this Thank you.
ReplyDeleteUnited Airlines Reservations Thanks for sharing such a nice article. I really appreciate that please keep on posting more articles like this. Thank you!
ReplyDeletegarmin nuvi login Thanks for the nice blog. It was very useful for me. I’m happy I found this blog. Thank you for sharing with us,I too always learn something new from your post.
ReplyDeleteEpson printer error 0xf3 Thanks for sharing such a nice Blog. I really appreciate that please keep on posting more Blog like this Thank you.
ReplyDeleteAeromexico Flight Reservations Thanks for the nice blog. It was very useful for me. I’m happy I found this blog. Thank you for sharing with us,I too always learn something new from your post.
ReplyDeleteIf you want to book your flight tickets at minimum price, then here I will share information about Frontier Airlines Flight Reservations, if you face any issues related to frontier airlines reservations then contact our technical experts team.
ReplyDelete
ReplyDeleteThank you for posting such a great article! It contains wonderful and helpful posts. Keep up the good work!
follow Cathay Pacific Refund Policy for instant refunds
Jetblue Reservations
ReplyDeletespirit airlines reservations
Allegiant Airlines Reservations
United Airlines Telefono
ReplyDeleteCopa Airlines Telefono
Aeromexico Telefono
Volaris Telefono
American Airlines Espanol Telefono
Jetblue Telefono
Avianca Telefono
Frontier Airlines Telefono
Delta airlines telefono
Spirit Airlines Telefono
American Airlines Reservations
ReplyDeleteDelta Airlines Reservations
Allegiant Airlines Reservations
Jet blue Airlines Reservations
American Airlines Reservations
Copa Airlines Reservations
Sun country Airlines Reservations
American airlines manage booking
Eva Airlines Reservations
Qantas Airlines Reservations
ReplyDeleteWonderful Information sharing .. I am incredibly bright to examine this article an obligation of appreciation is all together to give us encounter info.Fantastic lovely. I respect this post.
Epson printer in error state
Its A amazing Post Thanks For Sharing
ReplyDeletewww.primevideos.com/mytv
www.prime.com/mytv
www.primevideos.com/mytv
www.hulu.com/activate
www.prime.com/mytv
A LITTLE ACT OF KINDNESS CAN MAKE YOU REMEMBERED FOR A LONG TIME. GOD BLESS THE GREAT MIND BEHIND CREATING THIS READING PLATFORM. My problem with herpes type 2 has caused me many traumas, especially in my sexual life. I was so afraid of infecting my Boyfriend, I suffered the embarrassment of visiting dermatologists queries hundreds of times. Unfortunately, they did not find a definitive solution to my problem.The solution came from the least expected place By reading in a forum on the subject, mentioned a method for eliminating herpes simplex virus 2. Many people had tried, with excellent and quick results.I had nothing to lose so I decided to use this method to eliminate my herpes 2. spent 18 days using this method and my herpes type 2 completely disappeared. I recommend this method to all those infected with herpes virus, who want to eliminate the herpes from their body forever. Contact Doctor Razor via his Email : drrazorherbalhome@gmail.com , I recommend his herbal herpes healing method. you can visit his website : https://herbalistrazorherb.wixsite.com/drrazorherbalhome, Whatsapp or Call Doctor Razor Via +2349065420442
ReplyDeleteAmerican Airlines Reservations
ReplyDeleteAlaska Airlines Reservations
United Airlines Reservations
Sun Country Airlines Reservations
Lufthansa Reservations
Air France Reservation
British Airways Reservations
Asiana Airlines Reservation
I am thankful to you because your article is very helpful for me to carry on with my research in the same area Spirit Airlines Reservations
ReplyDeleteReally your article is providing very valuable information for a blogger. Thanks for sharing this Eva Airlines Reservations
ReplyDeleteThanks for sharing your valuable information. This blog was really useful for me American Airlines Reservations
ReplyDeleteThese types of article is very useful as well as good knowledgable. Which will gives awesome story with a lot of information Hawaiian Airlines Reservations
ReplyDeleteIt's a pleasure for me to write this testimony about this wonderful thing that happened to me last week on how i got my peripheral artery disease (PAD) cured, i have been reading so-many post of some people who were cured of peripheral artery disease (PAD), but i never believed them, I was hurt and depressed so I was too curious and wanted to try dr emu when i contact him, he assured me 100% that he will heal me, i pleaded with him to help me out, it's a great success that he healed just as he promised, he told me that in three days time that i should go and check on my peripheral artery disease (PAD) status, I was floored that when i went to the hospital to check of my status that i was peripheral artery disease (PAD) negative, i never thought possible that dr emu can do miracles, i never really believed in magic but I played along with a little hope and faith and after everything but dr emu changed my life and made me a true believer you can contact him emutemple@gmail.com emutemple@yahoo.com or whatsapp Number: +2347012841542 website: https://emutemple.wordpress.com/ he said that he is also specialize on the following diseases: HERPES, HIV, ALS, HPV, DIABETES, HEPATITIS B, CANCER, SICKLE CELL, VIRGINAL DRYNESS, And Bring Back Your Ex back.
ReplyDeleteActivate amazon mytv login activate by giving the activation link primevideo activation code in your tv and enjoy amazon popular shows such as movies & web series.Visit given link primevideo.com/mytv..
ReplyDeleteIt is a very informative article you have shared with us about India Launches Rover to Probe Moon's South Pole in 1980. I learn many factual information from it. office.com/setup
ReplyDeleteFor saving seats on JetBlue Airways, you need to approach jetblue en español telefono, which is open 365 days per year.
ReplyDeleteOutskirts Número De Teléfono De Frontier Airlines is notable for its administrations and conveniences and one such assistance is its client support.
Amazon Prime is a video administration stage that permits clients to watch video content on their real-time players. Individuals can watch Amazon Prime films and arrangements on Chromecast, Amazon Fire TV, Roku, and other streaming players. They should straightforward enact their Prime participation by visiting www.amazon.com/mytv with the assistance of the initiation code they get from the TV screen.
ReplyDeleteRead more…
southwest customer service
ReplyDeletesouthwest airlines customer service
southwest airlines reservations
southwest airlines number
southwest number
southwest reservations
southwest booking
southwest airlines booking
southwest airlines official site
Southwest customer service
Thanks For Sharing Such An Amazing Post Enjoyed Reading it.
ReplyDeleteRegards
www.primevideo.com/mytv
www.primevideo/mytv
www.primevideo.com/mytv
www.amazon.com/mytv
amazon.com/mytv
amazon.com/mytv
www.netflix.com/activate
ngobrol games In terms of durability, Tigreal can still lose versus other tanks. But Tigreal was one of the finest for business disruption and crowd management. Tigreal creates fantastic killing opportunities to make a wipe happen in the enemy team with to his slow, stunning and vacuum abilities. gamesorbit Furthermore, Tigreal may easily disturb the core of the opponent from the early game with its lengthy assault distance.
ReplyDeletegiacca da prestigiatore
ReplyDeletetriciclo usato milano
risparmiare batteria iphone ios 12
maglia termica nuoto bambina
shein camicie donna cameriera
maquina para coser zapatillas
venta de bicicletas para ejercicio
sujetador media copa abierto ético
nike academy16 knt tracksuit 2
bañador neopreno mujer oysho
camiseta escote redondo
adidas rock climbing
rompecabezas de obras de arte para arma
reloj con números romanos para niños
abrigo aviador mujer abdomen
gucci forocoches
sonic 3 and knuckles juego online
short de bain islamique
stihl klamotten
brabus rocket 900 amazon
new balance icarus
sonnenbrille herren mit seitenschutz
hoodie pepe jeans cyan
shorts fitness feminino
melhores marcas de mochilas masculinas
quadri da disegnare amazon
aharry potter x vans
culle e passeggini per neonati amazon
camisa da ferroviária
galocha rosa feminina
deichmann bolsos
bolso de mano de hombre guess entusiasta
tenda da sole spiaggia amazon
nike pegasus 94
Nike Air Force 270
casquette ford Immigration
ReplyDeletechaussure carla moreau
triciclo usato milano
chaussures de sécurité facom
foot locker nike react element
scatola protezione stagna
nike metcon 5 rojas
zapatillas de agua niña
veste velour carhartt
damen lack schnürer
cappotto rosso scarpe nike
fiore garofano amazon
nike presto extreme pas cher
nike pegasus 94
shorts fitness feminino
nike t shirt tumblr
quadri da disegnare amazon
chinelo slide da melissa
tenis all star feminino branco couro
calzoncillos puma hombre
veste per battesimo amazon
nike air force modelo agotado
cartera levis hombre
filtre pour aspirateur samsung sc4780
autoradio gps vdo
nike tribute veste
soldes chaussures homme caterpillar hiver cafétéria
amazon sandalias reef
chanclas new balance niña
kit de creation de bracelets utilisation
wc suspendu mural amazon
foulard en soie homme
all star converse star player
paragliding přilby
nike anzug nba rot
camisa da ferroviária
tapie adidas credit lyonnais
gucci handbags uk
air force 1 nike outfit men basket
nike air max sandale au sens propre
ReplyDeletepull lacoste col montant activer
zirkus jacke herren amazon
maglia as roma blu
tabouret pour toilette amazon
puma calçados femininos desvaneça
adidas duramo 7 precio
nike air force one rot schwarz
vestito stile smoking bianco
chaussure de basketball nike zoom kobe 11 femme
welke scooter moet ik kopen
air max 97 capitao america
polo shirt juventus
sfera vestido flecos mostaza
leggings mit spitzenabschluss
kugelbahn ab 12 monate amazon
nike air max sandale au sens propre
pull lacoste col montant activer
zirkus jacke herren amazon
maglia as roma blu
tabouret pour toilette amazon
puma calçados femininos desvaneça
adidas duramo 8 precio
nike air force one rot schwarz
vestito stile smoking bianco
chaussure de basketball nike zoom kobe 12 femme
ReplyDeleteabrigos de pelo mujer lefties
nike air max blancas mujer baratas
panini fußball sticker 2016 amazon
nike air jordan sale deutschland
hoodie pepe jeans cyan
zapatillas bimba y lola outlet
chaqueta adidas trefoil delantero
Supeme Hoodie
sandalia rafaela melo
kimono long femme grande taille
skechers twinkle toes light up boots
chanel hosenträger kaufen
maillot de bain push up pour homme
shirt mit schnürung am ausschnitt
vestito da elsa disney
tabouret de bar vintage cuir
moleton nike preço
zalando nike zoom fly
carrinho com bebe conforto travel system
Enjoy free video interviewing with the updated version of Jobma and connect to worldwide candidates to discover, engage and hire start talent for the position remotely. Jobma an online video interview platform that helps you structure recruitment interviews using live video, screen sharing, and analyzing the recordings.
ReplyDeleteFREE TRAIL
video interview platform
video interview software
My humble request is to continue your post in the future. Therefore, stay on this page to stay updated and Order Now from Best Online Assignment Helper in australia, the best place to get help with nursing assignments, engineering assignments, and management assignments.
ReplyDeleteKanag
ReplyDeleteHearing loss treatment in Meerut
Best School in Meerut
Top School in Meerut
theodysseynews.com/get-more-information-about-the-top-school-in-meerut
Finance is an important subject for obvious reasons and there are many online finance assignment help services. The Global Assignment Expert is here to give you ultimate support and better than anyone in terms of quality, price and timing. We have also an efficient customer support team to solve your queries related to finance assignment and try to give utmost assistance so that you can avail our service as per your convenience.
ReplyDeleteSinusitis Surgery in Meerut
ReplyDeleteHearing loss treatment in Meerut
Are you looking for the most affordable and amazing airfare deals on the Cheap Delta Flights Booking? This is the right place for you to grab the Cheapest Flights offers with Fares Match. Cheap air tickets are always available on Faresmatch - Find the best Low cost airline tickets and flight discount around the world.
ReplyDeleteFare Compare
Southwest Airlines Sale 69$
Alaska Airlines Booking
Delta Airlines Booking
Allegiant Airlines Booking
Southwest Airlines Flights
Spirit Airlines Booking
Cheap Flights Southwest Airlines
Thank you for sharing such a nice and informative article with us. It was very interesting. Although this topic is usually interesting, your interesting writing makes it even more interesting. Thanks again for what you’ve done. shiza hassan lawn.
ReplyDeleteWe are a top rated fns40815 Online service here with experts specializing in a wide range of disciplines ensuring you get the assignments that score maximum grades.
ReplyDeleteBook cheap flight reservation
ReplyDeleteSpirit Airlines cheap tickets
Book cheap flight ticket
Allegiant Airlines cancelling flights
Allegiant Airlines phone number
United Airlines customer service
United Airlines reservations
شركة مكافحة حشرات بالجبيل
ReplyDeleteمكافحة الحشرات بالجبيل
شركة شراء اثاث مستعمل بالرياض
ReplyDeleteشراء اثاث مستعمل بالرياض
شركة كشف تسربات المياه بالرياض
شركة مكافحة حشرات بالرياض
Nice Post
ReplyDeleteAt MaltaAssignmentHelp.com, we know that every student has unique needs when it comes to assignment help in Malta. That's why we offer a range of services to help you succeed. From customized writing to editing and proofreading, we'll work with you to ensure that your assignments are of the highest quality and delivered on time.
Awesome post
ReplyDeleteGreeceAssignmentHelp.com is a leading provider of college assignment online in Greece.All the experienced writers can handle all types of assignments, including essays, research papers, case studies, and more.
Thanks for your valuable information! Commence your SOP creation process by searching for the best SOP Writing Services near you who will take the time to comprehend your history - a key component to generating a powerful paper. Our team will create a remarkable and comprehensive profile for you, adhering to all the requirements of the program you wish to apply for.
ReplyDeleteThis is some very valid points! I appreciate you penning this article and the rest of the site is also really good. If you are a students and looking for help in Math homework then you can visit: math homework help
ReplyDelete