Wednesday, April 8, 2020

Centennial: Death of Telescope-Maker & Astronomer John Brashear

                                                      
Name-plate on the John Brashear family crypt in the basement of the University of Pittsburgh's Allegheny Observatory.
(Image Sources: John Brashear Autobiography, Wikipedia.org, By John Brashear - A Man Who Loved the Stars: The Autobiography of John A. Brashear, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=4725142)

By Glenn A. Walsh
Reporting for SpaceWatchtower

“WE HAVE LOVED THE STARS TOO FONDLY TO BE FEARFUL OF THE NIGHT.”

Today, many people throughout the world recognize that sentence as the epitaph on a crypt (in which the ashes of John Brashear, and the ashes of his wife Phoebe, are interred) in the basement of the University of Pittsburgh's Allegheny Observatory (which was directly below the 30-inch Keeler Memorial Reflector Telescope), for a man who was beloved in the late 19th century and early 20th century. This was John A. Brashear who passed-away from a form of food poisoning this day, one hundred years ago (1920 April 8) at the age of 79.

The epitaph is slightly paraphrased from a poem by Sarah Williams, “The Old Astronomer to His Pupil Tycho Brahe,” which John Brashear and his wife, Phoebe, both loved.

John Brashear was foremost one of the greatest producers of fine telescopes and precision scientific instruments of his era. A perfectionist, he produced telescopic and spectroscopic optics and other scientific apparatus of a precision unheard-of up until that time. At a time when scientific research was at the technical limits of its reach, Brashear optics and equipment greatly extended that reach.

His business started as the John A. Brashear Company in 1881. His telescopes, spectroscopes, and other scientific instruments were sold to astronomical observatories and other scientific installations and organizations throughout the world. Previously, he had been a millwright in a rolling steel mill on the South Side of Pittsburgh, building telescopes as a hobby in his spare time.

John Brashear was an astronomer who, at one time, was Acting Director of Pittsburgh's Allegheny Observatory. However, he refused a permanent appointment to the position.

He was an educator, who had limited post-secondary education himself—his six doctorates were all honorary degrees. However, he was Acting Chancellor of the Western University of Pennsylvania (predecessor of the University of Pittsburgh), again refusing a permanent appointment to the position.

And, he was an adviser to several major industrialists such as Andrew Carnegie, Henry Clay Frick, and Charles Schwab.

For Andrew Carnegie, he was part of the three-member Plan and Scope Committee which developed the Carnegie Technical Schools, now known as Carnegie Mellon University. He was also one of the original Directors of Pittsburgh's Carnegie Institute, including the Museums of Natural History and Art, the Music Hall, and the city's Carnegie Library system.

For Henry Clay Frick, he organized the Henry Clay Frick Educational Commission (now the Henry Clay Frick Educational Fund of the Buhl Foundation) that would provide grants to public school teachers, which would enable them to study, travel, and do research work. Originally endowed with $250,000, Henry Clay Frick later added $62,500 to the endowment. This would be equivalent to $8,509,144.74 in today's dollars!

The Henry Clay Frick Educational Commission also underwrote the cost of free public tours of the Allegheny Observatory several days of the week, during the warm-weather months. As part of the design of the new, three-dome Allegheny Observatory, which opened in 1912 (the original one-dome Allegheny Observatory had opened in 1861), the original 13-inch Fitz-Clark Refractor Telescope was dedicated to public use, in essence the second public observatory (the Cincinnati Observatory, which opened in 1845, was the first public observatory).

Although working hard to provide funding and facilities for the advancement of professional astronomy, John Brashear was insistent that the Allegheny Observatory display the wonders of the Universe to the common man. So, in addition to providing a public observatory as part of the Allegheny Observatory complex, he made sure the complex was easily accessible to the general public. He had the new Allegheny Observatory built in a new city park, at the extreme north end of the city, to avoid industrial smoke and light pollution, within one block of a major streetcar line.

He also insisted that a lecture hall be added as part of the complex, so the general public could learn more about astronomy.

John Brashear almost single-handedly raised the funds to build the new Allegheny Observatory. But there were obstacles, such as the Panic (recession) of 1893. In 1894, Andrew Carnegie advised him to wait “until coke sells at a dollar a ton and we will build the Observatory.”

By 1905, John Brashear was still short $65,000 for an observatory building which would include three telescopes: 30-inch Thaw Photographic Refractor, 30-inch Keeler Memorial Reflector, and the original 13-inch Fitz-Clark Refractor. In what may have been one of the first “challenge grants,” Henry Clay Frick promised to fund half of that amount, if John Brashear could raise the other half by October.

Due to his wife’s failing health, John Brashear was committed to his annual Summer vacation at Muskoka Lakes in Canada. From there, by long-distance correspondence, he raised $20,000. After returning to Pittsburgh, he raised the rest of the amount, and a wee bit more, by H.C. Frick’s deadline. In addition, the Carnegie-Illinois Steel Company, thanks to Company President Charles Schwab, donated all of the steel for the superstructure; Andrew Carnegie had sold his steel interests in 1901.

John Brashear received many honors later in his life, including six honorary degrees, fellowships in respected scientific and educational organizations, as well as invitations from all over the world to lecture and write for learned societies. He was beloved by the Pittsburgh community, as well as by astronomers throughout the world. In 1915, in recognition of John Brashear's 75th birthday, postcards, telegrams, and gifts were sent to him as the city and the nation celebrated his birthday. Everyone simply knew him as “Uncle John.”

                                      Brashear John.jpg 
(Image Sources: John Brashear Autobiography, Wikipedia.org, By John Brashear - A Man Who Loved the Stars: The Autobiography of John A. Brashear, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=4725101)

Internet Links to Additional Information ---

John A. Brashear:
Link 1 >>> http://johnbrashear.tripod.com/bio/BrashearJ.htm
Link 2 >>> http://johnbrashear.tripod.com/Brashearphotobio.htm#BIO
Link 3 >>> johnbrashear.tripod.com/index.html/#bios 
Link 4 >>> http://johnbrashear.tripod.com/

Andrew Carnegie: Link >>> http://www.andrewcarnegie.cc/

Henry Clay Frick: Link >>> http://johnbrashear.tripod.com/frick.html

Allegheny Observatory: Link >>> http://www.pitt.edu/~aobsvtry/

Related Blog Posts ---

"Historic Brashear Telescope Factory Time Capsule Found & Opened." Wed., 2015 March 25.

Link >>> http://spacewatchtower.blogspot.com/2015/03/brashear-telescope-factory-time-capsule.html

 

"Brashear House & Factory: Nomination to National Register of Historic Places." Thur., 2012 October 11.

Link >>> http://spacewatchtower.blogspot.com/2012/10/nomination-to-national-register-of.html

 

Centennial: New Allegheny Observatory Dedication." Tue., 2012 Aug. 28.

Link >>> http://spacewatchtower.blogspot.com/2012/08/centennial-new-allegheny-observatory.html

 

Pittsburgh's Allegheny Observatory: New History Film." Thur. 2012 April 19.

Link >>> http://spacewatchtower.blogspot.com/2012/04/pittsburghs-allegheny-observatory-new.html

 

Source: Glenn A. Walsh Reporting for SpaceWatchtower, a project of Friends of the Zeiss.
              Wednesday, 2020 April 8.

                             Like This Post?  Please Share!

           More Astronomy & Science News - SpaceWatchtower Twitter Feed:
            Link >>> https://twitter.com/spacewatchtower

        Astronomy & Science Links: Link >>> http://buhlplanetarium.tripod.com/#sciencelinks

                Want to receive SpaceWatchtower blog posts in your in-box ?
                Send request to < spacewatchtower@planetarium.cc >.

gaw

Glenn A. Walsh, Informal Science Educator & Communicator:
http://buhlplanetarium2.tripod.com/weblog/spacewatchtower/gaw/ >
Electronic Mail: < gawalsh@planetarium.cc >
Project Director, Friends of the Zeiss: < http://buhlplanetarium.tripod.com/fotz/ >
SpaceWatchtower Editor / Author: < http://spacewatchtower.blogspot.com/ >
Formerly Astronomical Observatory Coordinator & Planetarium Lecturer, original Buhl Planetarium & Institute of Popular Science (a.k.a. Buhl Science Center), Pittsburgh's science & technology museum from 1939 to 1991.
Formerly Trustee, Andrew Carnegie Free Library and Music Hall, Pittsburgh suburb of Carnegie, Pennsylvania.
Author of History Web Sites on the Internet --
* Buhl Planetarium, Pittsburgh:
  < http://www.planetarium.cc >
* Adler Planetarium, Chicago:
  < http://adlerplanetarium.tripod.com >
* Astronomer, Educator, Optician John A. Brashear:
  < http://johnbrashear.tripod.com >
* Andrew Carnegie & Carnegie Libraries:
  < http://www.andrewcarnegie.cc >

33 comments:

  1. This comment has been removed by a blog administrator.

    ReplyDelete
  2. We are independent company Offering Loan at a cheapest interest(2%). We guarantee any kind of Loan, Government finance Project and Investor Project. etc If you are interested Kindly get back to me for more information via Email: collinsguzmanfundings@gmail.com

    ReplyDelete
  3. For true fans of this thread I will address is a free online! Sport

    ReplyDelete
  4. Can nicely write on similar topics! Welcome to here you'll find out how it should look. Telescope

    ReplyDelete
  5. Hello All ▲▲▲ I am Dianna Kent and I live in Nevada, U.S .I am a full member of the Illuminati brotherhood, and am among the 1252 lodge. ▲▲▲ Iwas ordained by the Grand-master to go out to the world and bringmore members to the Illuminati, ▲ so I was requested to get 400Recruits for the brotherhood, I have 210 new recruits already. I amlooking for only 190 more to go,▲I am sure you want to be amongthe 190 people that will be earning $500,000 monthly and a brandnew car, ▲so add me up now so we can achieve this great chanceof being rich ▲. You get to live your dream life on earth filled with luxury. so i urge you not to miss thisGreat opportunity becoming what you long wished for life email: illuminatitemple6634@gmail.com‬ or Whats-app +1(854) 220-5771 for guidance

    ReplyDelete
  6. Hello All ▲▲▲ I am Dianna Kent and I live in Nevada, U.S .I am a full member of the Illuminati brotherhood, and am among the 1252 lodge. ▲▲▲ Iwas ordained by the Grand-master to go out to the world and bringmore members to the Illuminati, ▲ so I was requested to get 400Recruits for the brotherhood, I have 210 new recruits already. I amlooking for only 190 more to go,▲I am sure you want to be amongthe 190 people that will be earning $500,000 monthly and a brandnew car, ▲so add me up now so we can achieve this great chanceof being rich ▲. You get to live your dream life on earth filled with luxury. so i urge you not to miss thisGreat opportunity becoming what you long wished for life email: illuminatitemple6634@gmail.com‬ or Whats-app +1(854) 220-5771 for guidance

    ReplyDelete
  7. Am Laura Mildred by name, i was diagnosed with Herpes 4 years ago i lived in pain with the knowledge that i wasn't going to ever be well again i contacted so many herbal doctors on this issue and wasted a large sum of money but my condition never got better i was determined to get my life back so one day i saw Mr. Morrison Hansen post on how Dr. Emu saved him from Herpes with herbal medicine i contacted Dr. Emu on his Email: Emutemple@gmail.com we spoke on the issue i told him all that i went through and he told me not to worry that everything will be fine again so he prepared the medicine and send it to me and told me how to use it, after 14 days of usage I went to see the doctor for test,then the result was negative, am the happiest woman on earth now thanks to Dr. Emu God bless you. Email him at: Emutemple@gmail.com Call or Whats-app him: +2347012841542

    ReplyDelete
  8. Am Laura Mildred by name, i was diagnosed with Herpes 4 years ago i lived in pain with the knowledge that i wasn't going to ever be well again i contacted so many herbal doctors on this issue and wasted a large sum of money but my condition never got better i was determined to get my life back so one day i saw Mr. Morrison Hansen post on how Dr. Emu saved him from Herpes with herbal medicine i contacted Dr. Emu on his Email: Emutemple@gmail.com we spoke on the issue i told him all that i went through and he told me not to worry that everything will be fine again so he prepared the medicine and send it to me and told me how to use it, after 14 days of usage I went to see the doctor for test,then the result was negative, am the happiest woman on earth now thanks to Dr. Emu God bless you. Email him at: Emutemple@gmail.com Whats-app or Call him +2347012841542 

    ReplyDelete
  9. What’s Near Me has been created with one focus in mind, to solve the problem of people struggling to find likeminded people and to bring them together through a vast and powerful network. Activities for adults near me

    ReplyDelete
  10. What’s Near Me has been created with one focus in mind, to solve the problem of people struggling to find likeminded people and to bring them together through a vast and powerful network. Outdoor activities near me

    ReplyDelete
  11. BEWARE MANY OF THESE POSTS ON HOW TO JOIN ILLUMINATI, THEY ARE NOT REAL,I WAS SCAM TWICE TRYING TO JOIN ILLUMINATI. THEY PROMISE ME MONEY, CAR AND HOUSE BUT IT WAS ALL SCAM I LOST OVER $8587 UNTIL A FRIEND OF MINE FROM ARIZONA PHOENIX DIRECT ME TO THE REAL AGENT WERE I FINALLY BECOME ILLUMINATI MEMBER AND $900,000.00 USD WAS GIVEN TO ME AS A NEW MEMBER,PLEASE BEWARE OF SO MANY POST IF YOU WANT TO BE RICH AND FAMOUS THEN WhatsApp or call THE REAL AGENT CARLOS SCOTT via whatsApp: +1 (315) 316-1521 FOR MORE INFO AND HOW TO BE INITIATED

    ReplyDelete
  12. God bless Dr. USELU for his marvelous work in my life, I was diagnosed of HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS since 2018 and I was taking my medications, I wasn’t satisfied i needed to get the HERPES out of my system, I searched about some possible cure for HERPES i saw a comment about Dr. USELU , how he cured HERPES with his herbal medicine, I contacted him and he guided me. I asked for solutions, he started the remedy for my health, he sent me the medicine within 3 days. I took the medicine as prescribed by him and 2weeks later i was cured from HERPES contact him via email (dr.uselucaregiver@gmail.com) once again thanks to you Dr. USELU cure the flowing virus, contact his email or add him on whatsapp (+2347052898482) cancer cure
    diabetes cure
    ringing ear
    herpes cure
    warts cure
    HPV cure
    HIV cure
    get your ex back
    pregnancy herbal medicine
    Hepatitis   

    ReplyDelete
  13. Hello, are you interested in joining the great Illuminati brotherhood where you can become rich ,famous, powers, and wealth, for the rest of your life ? Benefit given to new members who join the Illuminati brotherhood $2,000,000 into your bank account...... $800,000 weekly salary.........
    A car value at $7.500,00.......
    Award contract worth $600,000,00.......A House in any country of your own choice. And a free visa to your dream country. Total lifestyle changes.... if you are interested contact agent Allen on Whats-app for better information's +1(518)293-0860......

    ReplyDelete
  14. Hello, are you interested in joining the great Illuminati brotherhood where you can become rich ,famous, powers, and wealth, for the rest of your life ? Benefit given to new members who join the Illuminati brotherhood $2,000,000 into your bank account...... $800,000 weekly salary.........
    A car value at $7.500,00.......
    Award contract worth $600,000,00.......A House in any country of your own choice. And a free visa to your dream country. Total lifestyle changes.... if you are interested contact agent Allen on Whats-app for better information's +1(518)293-0860......

    ReplyDelete
  15. Thanks to Doctor Razor for the Great miraculous work he did in my life with his herbal remedy. I have been living with this virus and I have shared with my partners my situation because they deserve to have a choice of whether they want to change being with me or not. I unfortunately did not have a choice in this matter leaving me vulnerable and now faced with this virus for the rest of my life or until a cure was discovered.I refused to take the Medical drugs my PCD have told me to take, I surrendered to my fate, because I was careless. Late on at night, Feb 13 2017, I came across Doctor Razor herbal medicine. I browsed about the authenticity of This Doctor, I got to see several Testimonies regarding his works from people he had helped with his medicine. i reached out to him and told him my problems, after we spoke he promised to help me out. I started using his herbal medicine which he sent to me Via the Courier Delivery, and asked me to take the herbal medicine for 18 days. which i did. I am delighted to let you all know that I Got cured of Herpes Virus, after the Medical Doctor had confirmed this with the test results, when I went for a medical check up after completing the Herbal Dosage Of 18 days. Doctor Razor's Website : https://herbalistrazorherb.wixsite.com/drrazorherbalhome or Reach out to Doctor razor via email : drrazorherbalhome@gmail.com
    WhatsApp +2349065420442

    ReplyDelete
  16. Hello, are you interested in joining the great Illuminati brotherhood where you can become rich ,famous, powers, and wealth, for the rest of your life ? Benefit given to new members who join the Illuminati brotherhood $2,000,000 into your bank account...... $800,000 weekly salary.........
    A car value at $7.500,00.......
    Award contract worth $600,000,00.......A House in any country of your own choice. And a free visa to your dream country. Total lifestyle changes.... if you are interested contact agent Allen on Whats-app for better information's +1(518)293-0860......

    ReplyDelete
  17. How to Join the Illuminati brotherhood!!! Call or Whats'App agent Allen +1(518)293-0860 Are you in Germany,

    USA, Europe or anywhere in the world you want to be rich, famous, and posses power. Email
    illuminatitemple66d@gmail.com for more info...
    BENEFITS GIVEN TO NEW MEMBERS WHO JOIN ILLUMINATI.
    1. A Cash reward worth $2,000,000, 00 USD after initiation.
    2. A New Sleek Dream CAR valued at USD $50,000 USD
    3.A Dream House bought in the country of your own choice
    4. One Month holiday (fully paid) to your dream tourist destination.
    5.One year Golf Membership package
    6.A V.I.P treatment in all Airports in the World
    7.A total Lifestyle change
    8.Access to Bohemian Grove.
    9.Monthly payment of $800,000 USD into your bank account every month as a member
    10.One Month booked. Appointment with Top 5 world Leaders and Top 5 Celebrities in the World

    ReplyDelete
  18. I want to tell the worlds, that the illuminati is real because i have see the benefit of being a member of illuminati, i have tried to join the illuminati some many times, i have been scammed alot of money, but i did not give up because i know if i find the real illuminati, my life will be changed forever so i did not stop, on till i find the real illuminati official email and phone number, if you want to join the real illuminati, i want you to know that i can direct you to the real illuminati official email and phone number, brothers/sisters who is interested or who have be scammed so many times like me, that still have interest to join the illuminati because you believed that if you join your life will be changed, you do not have to worry about anything because i am here to show you all the right way to join the real illuminati, i want you all to know that to join the real illuminati it is free, you will not be ask to pay for any fee, all the process is free to join the illuminati, because when i joined the real illuminati i did not pay for any fee, when i was totally initiated to the illuminati, i was given so many benefits as a new member, i can tell you some of the benefits i was give an instant $2,000,000.00 to start a new life, house of your choice car of your choice, brothers/sisters that have interest to join the illuminati, this is the real illuminati official email: churchofsataninitiationtemple@gmail.com and the illuminati phone call center or WhatsApp number is +1 (508) 819 2672 you can contact the illuminati official email or WhatsApp number of how to join, it is free to join the illuminati.

    ReplyDelete
  19. Hello, Do you want to join the illuminati and be rich ,famous and powerful? for the rest of your life ? Benefits given to new member who join the illuminati $900,000,000 into your bank account...... $800,000 weekly salary......... A car value at $800.000....... Award contract worth $250,000,000....... A House in any country of your own choice. And a free visa to your dream country Total lifestyle changes?? if you are interested, e-mail: joinilluminati21@gmail.com and also Whatsapp:+1(364) 202-5427 6⃣6⃣6⃣

    ReplyDelete
  20. Hello, are you interested in joining the great Illuminati brotherhood where you can become rich ,famous, powers, and wealth, for the rest of your life ? Benefit given to new members who join the Illuminati brotherhood $2,000,000 into your bank account...... $800,000 weekly salary.........
    A car value at $7.500,00.......
    Award contract worth $600,000,00.......A House in any country of your own choice. And a free visa to your dream country. Total lifestyle changes.... if you are interested contact agent Allen on Whats-app for better information's +1(518)293-0860......

    ReplyDelete
  21. CONTACT Mr Richard mark call (+2349159559277 or WhatsApp him through this  number +2349159559277 or email: illuminatiworldofsociety1@gmail.com Hello everyone Am from Liberia I am here to give a testimony on how I joined the illuminati brotherhood, I was trying to join  this organization for so many years now,I was scammed by fake agent in south Africa and Nigeria,I was down,I could not feed my self and my family anymore and I tried to make money by all miss but all invail, I was afraid
    to contact any illuminati agent because they have eat my money,One day I across a post of someone giving a testimony, thanking a man called Richard mark of being helping him to join the illuminati brotherhood, then I look
    at the man email and the phone number that was written there, it was a nigeria number I was afraid to contact him because a nigerian agent eat my $5000 and go away with the money then I was very tired, confused and I
    decided to contact the person that was given the testimony and i called him and I communicated with him on phone calls before he started telling me his
    own story about when he wanted to join, he told me everything to do, then I made up my mind and called the agent called Richard mark and he told me everything to do, and I was initiated, surprisely I was given my benefit of
    being a new member of the great illuminati brotherhood I was so happy,For those of you trying to join this organization this is your opportunity for you to join CONTACT MR Richard mark call ( +2349159559277 or WhatsApp him +2349159559277 or email: illuminatiworldofsociety1@gmail.com

    ReplyDelete
  22. Hello Everyone I want to quickly use this medium to share a testimony on how i was directed to a Legit and real illuminati member who have transformed my life from grass to grace, from being poor to a rich woman who can now boast of a healthy and wealthy life without stress or financial difficulties. After so many months of trying to to be a member of the illuminati and was scammed the sum of $3,000 i became so desperate in being a member online who will not add to my pains, then i decided to contact a friend of mine who recently became a member, we discussed about the issue and to our conclusion she told me about a man called Paul mark who is the grand master in the whole of Africa. So i applied to become a member of illuminati easily without stress and all the preparations were made concerning how to become a member in two(2) days i became a member and the sum of 1.5 million dollars was deposited into my bank account so i want to advice any one who wants to become a member should call him +2349130700648 or WhatsApp him +2349130700648 or email (illuminatiworldoffamous@gmail.com) he does not know am doing this i pray that lucifer will bless him for the good things he has done in my life.      

    ReplyDelete
  23. BE SMART AND BECOME RICH IN LESS THAN 3DAYS....It all depends on how fast 
    you can be to get the new PROGRAMMED blank ATM card that is capable of
    hacking into any ATM machine,anywhere in the world. I got to know about 
    this BLANK ATM CARD when I was searching for job online about a month 
    ago..It has really changed my life for good and now I can say I'm rich and 
    I can never be poor again. The least money I get in a day with it is about 
    $50,000.(fifty thousand USD) Every now and then I keeping pumping money 
    into my account. Though is illegal,there is no risk of being caught, because it has been programmed in such a way that it is not traceable, it also has a technique that makes it impossible for the CCTVs to detect 
    you.. For details on how to get yours today, email the hackers on { garryjones_atm_hacker@hotmail.com } Tell your loved once too, and start to live large. That's the simple testimony of how 
    my life changed for good...Love you all ...the email address again is Garryjones_atm_hacker@hotmail.com

    ReplyDelete
  24. Buy fake Passport ,Visa,Driving License,ID CARDS,marriage certificates,diplomas etc.
    Passportsservices centre has years of experience producing documents.
    https://www.passportsservices.com/buy-immigration-documents-online/
    https://www.passportsservices.com/buy-ielts-certificate-online/
    https://www.passportsservices.com/buy-gmat-certificate-online/
    https://www.passportsservices.com/college-and-university-transcripts/
    https://www.passportsservices.com/buy-university-degrees/
    https://www.passportsservices.com/buy-home-school-diplomas/
    https://www.passportsservices.com/buy-g-e-d-diploma-online/
    https://www.passportsservices.com/buy-invisible-ink-online/
    https://www.passportsservices.com/buy-adoption-certificates-online/
    https://www.passportsservices.com/buy-custom-certificates/
    https://www.passportsservices.com/buy-marriage-certificate-online/
    https://www.passportsservices.com/buy-divorce-certificates-online/
    https://www.passportsservices.com/buy-skills-training-certificates/
    https://www.passportsservices.com/buy-nclex-certificate-online/
    https://www.passportsservices.com/buy-hesi-certificate-online/
    https://www.passportsservices.com/buy-dha-certificate/
    https://www.passportsservices.com/buy-haad-certificate-online/
    https://www.passportsservices.com/buy-mrcp-certificate-online/
    https://www.passportsservices.com/buy-oet-certificate-online/
    https://www.passportsservices.com/plab/
    https://www.passportsservices.com/buy-pmp-certificate-online/
    https://www.passportsservices.com/buy-pte-certificate-online/
    Passportsservices centre has years of experience producing fake passports,Driving Licenses and other identity documents. We use high quality equipment and materials to produce
    counterfeit passports. All secret features of real passports are carefully duplicated for our falsified documents. We are the best producer of quality fake documents. With over
    30million of our documents circulating over the world. We offer only original high-quality fake money ,passports, driver's licenses, ID cards, stamps and other products for a number
    of countries like: USA, Australia, Belgium, Brazil,Canada, Italia, Finland, France, Germany, Israel, Mexico, Netherlands, South Africa, Spain, United Kingdom, Dubai(the emirates) and
    many more.
    IDs Scan-yes…-Holograms: Identical,-Barcodes: IDS Scan-UV: YES

    Fake IDS, With fast shipping.Canada Cards,United States Cards,Student Cards,International Cards

    Private Cards,Adoption Certificates,Baptism Certificates,Birth Certificates,Death Certificates

    Divorce Certificates,Marriage Certificates,Custom Certificates,High School Diplomas,G.E.D. Diplomas

    Home School Diplomas,College Degrees,University Degrees,Trade Skill Certificates,ID cards

    Residence Permits,Visas,Social Security Card,Driver's License (All States $ Countries)

    Federal Firearms License (FFL)Passport,Driver's License (All States $ Countries)

    Good and verifiable Bank records,Bank Statement,University certificates,Non criminal records

    Travel Document package,Clear criminal Record from FBI Database,Create Active Paypal account

    Create Bank Account,Utility Bills,Permits,SIN.Social Security Card.TOEFL Certificates

    US Green card,DELTA Certificates,IELTS Certificates,TOIEC Certificate,GED Certificates

    Contact emails ......... passportsservices247@gmail.com

    telegram ....... @Passportsservicese

    Whatsapp ------------ +1(901)878-9747

    Contact e-mails .........passportsservices247@gmail.com

    Buy fake Passport ,Visa,Driving License,ID CARDS,marriage certificates,diplomas etc.

    Online High School Diploma - Graduate TODAY

    ged certificate free,pay for ged without taking test

    real ged certificate,ged certificate online,verifiable ged

    printable ged certificate,fake ged for college



    ReplyDelete
  25. STOP WASTING YOUR TIME ON FAKE PEOPLE WHO CLAIM TO BE AN AGENT I WAS SCAMED 4TIMES NOT UNTIL I RECIEVE A MESSAGE ON MY WHATSAPP TO CONTACT MR HARRIS WHICH I DID NOW I AM A FULL MEMBER OF THE GREAT ILLUMINATI BROTHERHOOD BE WHAT YOU WHICH FOR IN LIFE BY JOINING THE GREAT ILLUMINATI BROTHERHOOD TODAY Further encouraging the rumours is the widespread use of supposed "Illuminati" imagery in music videos. Many Freemason and Illuminati symbols, like devil horns and the all-seeing eye, have simply become popular in mainstream culture. But it's also true that some musicians seem to enjoy deliberately playing with symbols connected to secret societies.if you are interested contact via whatsapp or call +14092993890 GOOD LUCK.

    ReplyDelete
  26. (NO MEMBERSHIP FEE TO JOIN ILLUMINATI), I am giving a testimony on how i became rich and famous today… i was deeply strangled up by poverty and i had no body to help me, and also i searched for help from different corners but to no avail… I see people around me getting rich but to me i was so ashamed of my self so i met a man on my way he was very rich and he was a doctor so he told me something and i think over it through out the day so the next day i looked up and i keep repeating what he said to me.” if you want to get rich quick and be famous” you need to cross your heart and do what is in your mind so i tried all i could in other for me to do as he said so later on i told my fellow friend about this same thing then my friend was interested in my suggestions so i decided to look in the internet and i found a number of an agent Jackson +1(409)2993890 and we decided to contact them and fortunately we did as them instruct us to do and later, them told us to get some requirements and all the rest… so this initiation took us just a week and later on the great Illuminati gave us $7,000,000.00 to start up our lives…. and now am testifying that if in any case you want to join any great Illuminati all you need to do is for you to contact, on emial illuminatiriches50085@gmail.com or on whatsapp number +1(409)2993890.

    ReplyDelete
  27. (NO MEMBERSHIP FEE TO JOIN ILLUMINATI), I am giving a testimony on how i became rich and
    famous today… i was deeply strangled up by poverty
    and i had no body to help me, and also i searched for
    help from different corners but to no avail… I see
    people around me getting rich but to me i was so
    ashamed of myself so i met a man on my way he was
    very rich and he was a doctor so he told me something
    and I thought it over throughout the day so the next day
    i looked up and i kept repeating what he said to me.
    ” if you want to get rich quick and be famous” you
    need to cross your heart and do what is in your mind
    so i tried all i could in other for me to do as he said
    so later on i told my fellow friend about this same
    thing then my friend was interested in my suggestions
    so i decided to look in the internet and i found an
    email of an agent Jackson illuminatiriches50085@gmail.com and
    we decided to contact them and fortunately we did as
    them instruct us to do and later, them told us to get some
    requirements and all the rest… so this initiation took
    us just a week and later on the great Illuminati gave
    us $7,000,000.00 to start up our lives…. and now am
    testifying that if in any case you want to join any
    great Illuminati all you need to do is for you to contact
    him on whatsapp +1(409)2993890.

    ReplyDelete
  28. Get BLANK ATM Programmed Card and cash money directly in any ATM Machine around you. There is no risk of being caught, because the card has been programmed in such a way that it's not traceable, it also has a technique that makes it impossible for the CCTV to detect you. Now email us today at our E-mail address at: jimleehacker07@gmail.com or Whats App: +1 (503) 278-0569 for you to get your own Programmed Card today

    ReplyDelete
  29. When considering Buy OET Certificate Online Without Exams, it's essential to choose a reputable and trustworthy provider to ensure authenticity and legitimacy. Research thoroughly and opt for secure options that offer genuine OET certifications without the need for exams. Investing in a valid OET certificate can open doors to educational and career opportunities. Choose wisely and pave the way for your future success!

    ReplyDelete
  30. How i become a member of the illuminati. my name is DAVE SCOTTY, it has always be my dreams of becoming a member of the great illuminati. i went to the internet for research, i saw many testimonies on the internet, i said let me give a trier because i lost my job for the past 8 months and life has been so miserable for me and my family due to financial stability, because i have been scams for so many time but i never give up, not on till i meant the right source i will never give up, to my greatest surprise i saw a testimony of a man called Garry Raymond he was also a victim of been scam and he said how he become a full member without paying any money and he gave me the guild lines am to follow before i will be accepted and i follow the rules as i was told i have to partake in the initiation ceremony before becoming a member so i did it, Surprisingly 72 hours after i was initiated, I receive a call from the head quarter that i have been fully initiated that all my benefit will be given to me as a new member, the sum of $4,000,000 us dollars to start a life and dream car of my choice and house of my choice many others. i have been in this group for the past five years now and the lord gram master appointed me as one of the agent am glad and happy with my family with joy and happiness. So if you are interested to be a member of the great illuminati  you can email the illuminati chamber (churchofinitiationword@gmail.com) anyone who wants to join it is free to join.

    ReplyDelete