This photograph shows a model of what the Wide-Field Infrared Space Telescope
(WFIRST) would look like, if ever constructed. (Image Sources: NASA, Wikipedia.org)
By Glenn A. Walsh
Reporting for SpaceWatchtower
A proposed Wide-Field Infrared Space
Telescope would be canceled, and funding for the International Space
Station would be phased-out by 2025, in a NASA budget for
Fiscal Year 2019 proposed by the Trump Administration. The budget
places higher priorities on missions which would take humans back to
the Moon, and eventually to Mars.
An Internet link to the entire proposed FY 2019 NASA budget can be found near the end of this blog-post.
An Internet link to the entire proposed FY 2019 NASA budget can be found near the end of this blog-post.
This proposal bumps-up NASA funding to
$19.9 billion for one year (due to the recently-passed two-year
Federal budget compromise), but reduces the budget back to $19.6
billion for future years. NASA Acting Chief Financial Officer Andrew
Hunter said the extra $300 million for FY 2019 will be spread across
several agency programs: planetary science, construction, exploration
research, aiding transition of NASA communications services to
commercial satellites, and commercial cargo.
There are other NASA programs slated
for elimination by this proposed budget including five Earth-science
missions (most related to climate change, including one in
collaboration with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration). And, it is proposed that the NASA education office,
which for decades has helped the general public, particularly school children, understand the various NASA
missions, would also be shuttered.
However the biggest surprise in the
budget, and the surprise that has most outraged scientists, is the
cancellation of the Wide-Field Infrared Space Telescope (WFIRST). To
be launched in the mid-2020s after the launch of the James Webb Space
Telescope, the primary mission of WFIRST is to study dark energy,
little understood by scientists, which comprises 68.3 per-cent of the
energy in the known Universe. Another important mission of WFIRST is
the continual search for planets in other solar systems, including a
chronograph which should provide the first direct images and spectra
of some of these exo-planets.
WFIRST was first proposed in 2010, as
the result of an exhaustive study of possible NASA missions conducted
every ten years called the Decadal Survey. An expert committee of
scientists, organized by the National Academies of Sciences,
Engineering, and Medicine, had declared WFIRST as the top priority
for a large “flagship” space telescope after the Webb Space
Telescope is orbited and operating.
The American Astronomical Society (AAS
– the major organization of professional astronomers in North
America) has denounced the proposed cancellation of WFIRST saying,
"We cannot accept termination of WFIRST, which was the
highest-priority space-astronomy mission in the most recent decadal
survey." In the statement issued by AAS President-elect Megan
Donahue, she also says, "And the proposed 10% reduction in
NASA's astrophysics budget, amounting to nearly $1 billion over the
next five years, will cripple US astronomy."
In an op-ed column in SpaceNews.com,
Jon A. Morse, former Director of NASA's Astrophysics Division (who
now heads the non-profit BoldlyGo Institute and is a Research
Associate at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics), said
“The long-term picture that the WFIRST cancellation and budget
reduction presents for the future of NASA’s astrophysics program is
troubling...Despite performing world-class science that captures the
imaginations of people around the globe, it is stunning to see that
the astrophysics funding is projected to be below its budget from 15
years ago, as though it were a dying field of inquiry with no
discoveries left to make. Nothing could be further from the truth!”
Jon Morse concludes the op-ed column by
saying, “Congress needs to restore the WFIRST mission to NASA’s
portfolio, to avoid the catastrophe of a “lost decade” and
atrophying U.S. leadership in some of the world’s most exciting
scientific fields.”
The eventual phase-out of Federal
funding for the International Space Station (ISS) by 2025 was
expected. It is the wish of the Trump Administration to transition
the ISS to the private sector by 2025. To aid in this transition to
ISS operation by corporate entities, NASA would be funded $150
million in the first year, with the eventual expenditure of $900
million over the next five years for such a commercial transition.
For the return of Americans to the
Moon, the budget proposes that a “key power and propulsion space
tug” be commercially launched by 2022, as a major part of NASA's
Lunar Orbital Platform – Gateway. The proposed budget also includes
a new lunar robotic exploration program and an Exploration Research
and Technology program to increase technological knowledge needed to
sustain human habitation of the Moon and beyond.
While the astrophysics budget is
proposed to be cut, the planetary science budget would be increased
by $2.2 billion. This includes $50 million to begin planning for a
robotic Mars sample return mission, as well as $150 million for
planetary defense against wayward asteroids.
Other planetary missions included in
the budget are the Mars 2020 Rover mission and “Europa Clipper,”
which will investigate Jupiter's icy moon, Europa, which has a large
sea below the ice that could include some forms of life.
As with most Presidential proposed
budgets, this proposal will undoubtedly be modified by the U.S.
Congress before being formally enacted. Already, some members of Congress are condemning the proposed budget cuts to NASA programs.
Senator Bill Nelson (D-FL), ranking
member of the Senate Commerce, Science, and Transportation Committee,
said in a statement, “The administration’s budget for NASA is a
nonstarter. If we’re ever going to get to Mars with humans on board
and return them safely, then we need a larger funding increase for
NASA.” Senator Nelson was the second sitting member of Congress to
fly in space, as a Payload Specialist aboard the Space Shuttle
Columbia, launched on 1986 January 12 (this was the last successful
Space Shuttle mission before the tragic loss of the Space Shuttle
Challenger on 1986 January 28).
Senator Nelson also said, regarding the
ending of Federal funding for the ISS, “Turning off the lights and
walking away from our sole outpost in space at a time when we’re
pushing the frontiers of exploration makes no sense.”
Criticism by U.S. Rep. Eddie Bernice
Johnson (D-TX), ranking Democrat on the House Science, Space, and
Technology Committee, went beyond the cuts to NASA: “When I was
first briefed on ‘highlights’ of President Trump’s budget
request, I was incredulous at its treatment of our federal science
agencies. To propose slashing EPA’s budget and DOE’s EERE,
eliminating NASA’s education programs and several Earth science
instruments and missions, and cutting NOAA’s oceans and atmospheric
programs, just to name a few of the damaging proposals in this
document, shows that this Administration has no appreciation for the
role that these agencies play in driving the economy, keeping our
nation competitive, and protecting the environment and public
health. The only good thing about this budget is that
it’s so extreme, I have no doubt that it will be summarily rejected
by both sides of the aisle.”
Internet Links to Additional Information ---
Wide-Field Infrared Space Telescope (WFIRST):
Link >>> https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wide_Field_Infrared_Survey_Telescope
Trump Administration FY 2019 Budget Request for NASA:
Link >>> https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/fy19_nasa_budget_estimates.pdf
Information Regarding Budget of NASA:
Link >>> https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budget_of_NASA
Related Blog Post ---
"NASA & the Trump Administration." 2017 Jan. 23.
Link >>> http://spacewatchtower.blogspot.com/2017/01/nasa-trump-administration.html
Source: Glenn A. Walsh Reporting for SpaceWatchtower, a project of Friends of the Zeiss.
2018 February 23.
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